Grand Campaign
Keltoi | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Keltoi The Gauls emerged around the 5th century BCE as the bearers of the La Tène culture north of the Alps. These Celts were an influential, vigorous people: their migration has taken them to the shores of the Mediterranean; they have invaded Macedon, Illyria, Thrace and Asia Minor; they have sacked Rome. Gaulish society was dominated by the druid priestly class and each tribe had a council of elders, and initially a king. Later, the executive was an annually-elected magistrate. Although the tribes were moderately stable political entities, Gaul as a whole tended to be politically divided, there being virtually no unity among the various tribes. Only during particularly trying times, such as the invasion of Caesar, could the Gauls unite under a single leader like Vercingetorix. |
|||||
Poleis Hellenikai | |||||
Poleis Hellenikai Most of the Greek states are polises, cities with surrounding villages. The world-renowned culture of the Greeks relies on the toil of farmers, the skills of merchants and soldiers, and the wits of philosophers. The Ancient Greek city-state developed during the Archaic period as the ancestor of city, state, and citizenship and persisted well into Roman times. The poleis were not like other ancient city-states which were ruled by a king or a small oligarchy, but rather political entities ruled by their bodies of citizens. During the Hellenistic period, which marks the decline of the classical polis, some cities remained independent for a long time, with the last ciy-state, Rhodes, falling to Rome in 43 BCE. |
|||||
Poleis Hellenikai Civil War | |||||
Romani | |||||
Romani Rome will rule the world. It is her destiny and always has been. Claiming a line of descent back to the Hercules, Romans are not lacking in pride. Romans are not lacking in ferocity: their city was founded by Romulus and Remus, twins raised by a wolf. Roman armies may have been beaten, but they have always dragged themselves back into any fight, and battled on. And now, surrounded by rivals and potential enemies, Rome faces challenges at every turn. He who rules in Rome can rule the world, but only through the glory of conquest! |
|||||
Romani Civil War | |||||
Galli | |||||
Galli The Gauls emerged around the 5th century BCE as the bearers of the La Tène culture north of the Alps. These Celts were an influential, vigorous people: their migration has taken them to the shores of the Mediterranean; they have invaded Macedon, Illyria, Thrace and Asia Minor; they have sacked Rome. Gaulish society was dominated by the druid priestly class and each tribe had a council of elders, and initially a king. Later, the executive was an annually-elected magistrate. Although the tribes were moderately stable political entities, Gaul as a whole tended to be politically divided, there being virtually no unity among the various tribes. Only during particularly trying times, such as the invasion of Caesar, could the Gauls unite under a single leader like Vercingetorix. |
|||||
Galli Civil War | |||||
Germani | |||||
Germani The Germanic tribes are fearless warriors, entirely at home in their dark and forbidding forests, worshipping dark, forbidding gods. Their name, in Latin, is a Gallic borrowing, "ger" and "mani" meaning near-men or neighbours. They are not given to acting in a neighbourly fashion: they will take from the weak, and value their independence above all. The Germanic people originated on the North German Plain as well as southern Scandinavia. By the 2nd century BCE, they began expanding into eastern Europe and southward into Celtic territory. Roman sources recount the migrating Germanic people who invaded areas considered part of Imperial Rome. Unsurprisingly, this cultural confrontation resulted in war between the Roman Republic and the Germanic tribes. The Cimbri crossed into Noricum in 113 BCE looking for food and usable land when they confronted and defeated a Roman army. A combined force of Cimbri and Teutoni squared off against additional armies from Rome in 109 and 105 BCE, vanquishing them in the process. In the Augustan period, there was, as a result of Roman activity as far as the Elbe River, a first definition of the "Germania magna": from the Rhine and Danube rivers in the West and South to the Vistula and the Baltic Sea in the East and North. In 9 CE, a revolt of their Germanic subjects headed by the supposed Roman ally, Arminius, (along with his decisive defeat of Publius Quinctilius Varus and the destruction of 3 Roman legions in the surprise attack on the Romans at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest) ended in the withdrawal of the Roman frontier to the Rhine. Occupying Germania had proven too costly and this withdrawal ended 28 years of Roman campaigning across the North European plains. In the absence of large-scale political unification, such as that imposed forcibly by the Romans, the various tribes remained free, led by their own hereditary or chosen leaders. |
|||||
Germani Civil War | |||||
Arzah-bum | |||||
Arzah-bum Based on the remnants of Babylonian, Assyrian and Median empires, the Achaemenids built up the first true super-state, touching three continents. After the fall of Persia, the old traditions were respected by the conquerors, and the old territorial administration survived for long time. The colourful people of the multi-national empire were tolerant and receptive, nourishing the hellenisation of the state and the survival of the old ways alike. The Seleucid Empire is beginning to fragment and these eastern kingdoms now have the opportunity to form empires of their own. |
|||||
Arzah-bum Civil War | |||||
Daci, Thraci et Illyrii | |||||
Daci, Thraci et Illyrii The Daco-Thracian tribes were a formidable people known for their warrior culture. Divided into separate tribes, the Thracians did not manage to form a lasting political organization until the Odrysian state was founded in the fifth century BCE. A strong Dacian state appeared in the first century BCE, during the reign of King Burebista. Viewed as bloodthirsty and warlike barbarians by the Greeks and Romans, these cultures were actually highly developed. Although many lived in simple villages, fortified cities such as Sarmizegetusa display the level of development these tribes reached. The Illyrians were known for their raiding proclivities along the Adriatic coast. Living in a harsh, mountainous region, they often turned to the riches of the sea and became formidable pirates that preyed on the merchants of the Mediterranian. It took multiple wars for the Romans to finally subdue the Illyrian pirates for good. |
|||||
Daci, Thraci et Illyrii Civil War | |||||
Iberi | |||||
Iberi The various Iberian and Celtiberian tribes of Hispania are a valiant and resourceful people. The Iberian culture developed from the 6th century BCE, in the eastern and southern coasts of the Iberian peninsula. The Iberians lived in villages and fortified settlements, and their communities were based on a tribal organization. The Iberians in the Spanish Levant were more urbanized than their neighbors in the central and northwestern regions of the Iberian peninsula. The peoples in the central and northwest regions were mostly Celtic, semi-pastoral, and lived in scattered villages, though they also had a few fortified towns like Numantia.They had a knowledge of writing, metalworking, including bronze, and agricultural techniques. The Celtiberians were the most influential ethnic group in pre-Roman Iberia, but they had their largest impact on history during the Second Punic War, during which they became the allies of Carthage in its conflict with Rome, and crossed the Alps in the mixed forces under Hannibal's command. As a result of the defeat of Carthage, the Celtiberians first submitted to Rome in 195 BCE; however, conflicts between various semi-independent bands of Celtiberians continued for decades. |
|||||
Iberi Civil War | |||||
Edamim Afrikanim | |||||
Edamim Afrikanim The Berbers or 'Amazighen' are the native people of Libya, with many different tribes settled from the far west in Mauretania to the east on the borders of Egypt, and south towards the edge of the Sahara Desert. Some Berber groups such as the Mauri and Numidian kingdoms had more sedentary populations living in villages, tilling the soil and tending herds. The Gaetuli, Garamantes and Nasamones lived a more nomadic life as pastoral nomads along the fringes of the desert. A proud and fiercely independent people, these peoples are all united by their excellent horsemanship and a love of trade. The Ethiopian and Nubian Kingdoms are as old as Egypt itself, and still have a rivalry with their northern neigbour. The Kingdom of Kush even ruled as Egyptian pharaohs themselves once, but that time has now long past. These peoples are largly nomadic tribsmen living off their herds, but large populations also live in ancient cities such as Meroe and Axum. The Kushites may try to reclaim Egypt in the future and the Axumites have their eyes on Arabia, but perhaps they may have to deal with each other first? |
|||||
Edamim Afrikanim Civil War | |||||
Diadokhoi | |||||
Diadokhoi After Alexander's death, his mightiest generals tore apart his empire as they fought for it. Over the years, the claims and counter-claims of legitimacy deepened the rivalry between the Successors. While all claimed to be Greek and promoted Hellenisation in their kingdoms, each also claimed to be the one true inheritor of Alexander's legacy... Following the disintergration of the old Persian Empire in 330 BCE, the Hellenistic kingdoms were established throughout southwest Asia (Seleucid Empire, Kingdom of Pergamon), northeast Africa (Ptolemaic Kingdom) and South Asia (Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, Indo-Greek Kingdom). This resulted in the export of Greek culture and language to these new realms through Greek colonisation, spanning as far as the Indus. Equally, however, these new kingdoms were influenced by the indigenous cultures, adopting local practices where beneficial. The Hellenistic period was characterised by a new wave of Greek colonisation. At this time, Greek cultural influence and power was at its peak, experiencing prosperity and progress in the arts, exploration, literature, theatre, architecture, music, mathematics, philosophy, and science. |
|||||
Diadokhoi Civil War | |||||
Qritani | |||||
Qritani Described by Pytheas as "Pretannoi" or "Pretani" - the "painted ones" - these Celts are a fierce and independent people from the island of Hai Bretannai. Throughout their existence, the territory inhabited by the Britons was composed of numerous ever-changing areas controlled by tribes. The extent of their territory before and during the Roman period is unclear, but is generally believed to include the whole of the island of Great Britain, as far north as the Clyde-Forth isthmus. The territory north of this was largely inhabited by the Picts, and the Island of Hibernia inhabited by the Gaels. In 43 CE, the Roman Empire invaded Britain. The British tribes initially opposed the Roman legions, but by 84 the Romans had decisively conquered southern Britain and had pushed into what is now southern Scotland. In 122, they fortified the northern border with Hadrian's Wall, which spanned what is now Northern England. Although the native Britons mostly kept their land, they were subject to the Roman governors. The Roman Empire retained control of 'Britannia' until they withdrew from the island in about 410. |
|||||
Qritani Civil War | |||||
Qarthadastim | |||||
Qarthadastim Carthage or “New Town” was once a Phoenician trading colony. It is now a trading and maritime empire in its own right. Such are the blessings of Ba’al Hammon to his followers. The Carthaginians are a devout, hard-working people who have spent generations struggling to control the trade of the Western Mediterranean. This has inevitably brought them into conflict with expanding Greek colonies and with the upstart Romans. Traders they may be by choice, but they have become warriors through necessity, and very good warriors at that. Through astute use of mercenaries they have turned their silver into swords. |
|||||
Qarthadastim Civil War | |||||
Apoikiai Ton Hellenon | |||||
Apoikiai Ton Hellenon More than thirty Greek city-states had multiple colonies around the Mediterranean world with ninety colonies stretching throughout the Mediterranean Sea. These colonies stretched from the shores of the Black Sea in the east to the southern coast of the Iberian Peninsula in the west, as well as several colonies on the Libyan coast of northern Africa. Two flushes of new colonists set out from Greece at the transition between the Dark Ages and the start of the Archaic Period, one in the early 8th century BCE and a second burst of the colonising spirit in the 6th century. Population growth and cramped spaces at home seem an insufficient explanation, while the economical and political dynamics produced by the competitive spirit between the frequently kingless, newly introduced Greek city-states, striving to expand their sphere of economical influence, better fits as their true incentive. |
|||||
Rasenna | |||||
Rasenna [DO NOT LOCALISE] |
|||||
Malkayn Arabayat | |||||
Malkayn Arabayat Arabia is a vast desert land divided into multiple kingdoms and tribes. The Arabs are both great city builders and nomads alike, and not only survive, but prosper in this harsh region. Indeed the Romans even named the southern regions 'Arabia Felix' after they were impressed by its wealth and prosperity. The success of these kingdoms was based on the cultivation and trade of spices and aromatics, including frankincense and myrrh. These were exported to the Mediterranean, India, and Abyssinia, where they were greatly prized by many cultures, using camels on routes through Arabia, and to India by sea. Of the various tribes, the Sabaeans are famous for the legend of the rich Queen of Sheba who visited King Solomon. Saba was known for its prosperity, urban centres and magnificent buildings. Other great traders such as the Nabataeans of Petra, the Gerrhaeans, Minaeans, and Himyarites also prospered and built great cities of their own. |
|||||
Malkayn Arabayat Civil War | |||||
Skudat | |||||
Skudat The Scythians and Sarmatians are aggressive nomadic warriors, famed for their horsemanship and skill with the bow. These Eurasian nomads ranged across the Eurasian Steppe and into Central Asia. The Scythians kept herds of horses, cattle, and sheep, lived in tent-covered wagons, and fought with bows and arrows on horseback. They developed a rich culture characterized by opulent tombs, fine metalwork, and a brilliant art style. The Sarmatians differed from the Scythians in their veneration of the god of fire rather than god of nature. The Scythians engaged in frequent conflicts with the Achaemenid Empire. The western Scythians suffered a major defeat against Macedonia in the 4th century BCE, and were subsequently gradually conquered by the Sarmatians from Central Asia. The Eastern Scythians of the Asian Steppe (Saka) were attacked by the Yuezhi, Wusun and Xiongnu in the 2nd century BCE, prompting many of them to migrate into South Asia, where they became known as Indo-Scythians. |
|||||
Skudat Civil War | |||||
Punic Colonies | |||||
Punic Colonies [DO NOT LOCALISE] |
|||||
Maurya Raajya | |||||
Maurya Raajya The foundation of the Maurya Empire in 321 BCE by Chandragupta Maurya was a unique event in history, particularly in view of the fact that it was found shortly after Alexander’s victorious campaigns in North-West India during 327 – 325 BCE. Chandragupta Maurya succeeded to the Nanda throne in 321 BCE after dethroning the last Nanda ruler (Dhanananda) at the age of 25. The acquisition of Magadha was the first step in establishing the new dynasty. Once the Ganges valley was under his control, Chandragupta moved northwest to exploit the power vacuum created by Alexander’s departure. The areas of the Northwest fell to him rapidly. An important idea of the Mauryans was centralised government. Chandragupta Maurya established the imperial capital at Pataliputra, and then split the empire into four provinces for organizational and ruling purposes. Tosali was the capital of the eastern province, Ujjain in the west, Savarn in the south, and Taxila in the north. |
|||||
Maurya Raajya Civil War | |||||
Other | |||||
Other |
|||||
Other Rebel | |||||
Other Civil War | |||||
Samnite Wars
Keltoi | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Keltoi The Gauls emerged around the 5th century BCE as the bearers of the La Tène culture north of the Alps. These Celts were an influential, vigorous people: their migration has taken them to the shores of the Mediterranean; they have invaded Macedon, Illyria, Thrace and Asia Minor; they have sacked Rome. Gaulish society was dominated by the druid priestly class and each tribe had a council of elders, and initially a king. Later, the executive was an annually-elected magistrate. Although the tribes were moderately stable political entities, Gaul as a whole tended to be politically divided, there being virtually no unity among the various tribes. Only during particularly trying times, such as the invasion of Caesar, could the Gauls unite under a single leader like Vercingetorix. |
|||||
Poleis Hellenikai | |||||
Poleis Hellenikai Most of the Greek states are polises, cities with surrounding villages. The world-renowned culture of the Greeks relies on the toil of farmers, the skills of merchants and soldiers, and the wits of philosophers. The Ancient Greek city-state developed during the Archaic period as the ancestor of city, state, and citizenship and persisted well into Roman times. The poleis were not like other ancient city-states which were ruled by a king or a small oligarchy, but rather political entities ruled by their bodies of citizens. During the Hellenistic period, which marks the decline of the classical polis, some cities remained independent for a long time, with the last ciy-state, Rhodes, falling to Rome in 43 BCE. |
|||||
Romani | |||||
Romani Rome will rule the world. It is her destiny and always has been. Claiming a line of descent back to the Hercules, Romans are not lacking in pride. Romans are not lacking in ferocity: their city was founded by Romulus and Remus, twins raised by a wolf. Roman armies may have been beaten, but they have always dragged themselves back into any fight, and battled on. And now, surrounded by rivals and potential enemies, Rome faces challenges at every turn. He who rules in Rome can rule the world, but only through the glory of conquest! |
|||||
Other | |||||
Other |
|||||
Other Rebel | |||||
Caesar in Gaul
Gallic Tribe: Friend of Rome | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gallic Tribe: Friend of Rome [PH] |
|||||
Gallic Tribe | |||||
Gallic Tribe [PH] |
|||||
Gallic Tribe Rebel | |||||
The Arverni, champions of Gaul | |||||
The Arverni, champions of Gaul [PH] |
|||||
Belgic Tribe | |||||
Belgic Tribe [PH] |
|||||
Cantiaci, Warriors from Beyond the Straits | |||||
Cantiaci, Warriors from Beyond the Straits Described by Pytheas as "Pretannoi" or "Pretani" - the "painted ones" - these Celts are a fierce and independent people from the island of Hai Bretannai. Throughout their existence, the territory inhabited by the Britons was composed of numerous ever-changing areas controlled by tribes. The extent of their territory before and during the Roman period is unclear, but is generally believed to include the whole of the island of Great Britain, as far north as the Clyde-Forth isthmus. The territory north of this was largely inhabited by the Picts, and the Island of Hibernia inhabited by the Gaels. In 43 CE, the Roman Empire invaded Britain. The British tribes initially opposed the Roman legions, but by 84 the Romans had decisively conquered southern Britain and had pushed into what is now southern Scotland. In 122, they fortified the northern border with Hadrian's Wall, which spanned what is now Northern England. Although the native Britons mostly kept their land, they were subject to the Roman governors. The Roman Empire retained control of 'Britannia' until they withdrew from the island in about 410. |
|||||
Cantiaci, Warriors from Beyond the Straits Rebel | |||||
Massilia, Outpost of Hellenism | |||||
Massilia, Outpost of Hellenism Massilia is a colony of Ionian Greeks founded in 600 BCE as one of the first ports in western Europe. According to the story, the Greek Protis was invited by King Nannus of the Segobridges to a banquet at which his daughter, Gyptis, was to choose a spouse. To everyone's surprise she chose Protis, and the king gave them the land where Massilia would be founded. After Nannus' death, his son saw the city as a threat, and planned to sneak into the city and kill all within; again it was love between a relative of the king and a young Greek that brought fortune to the city, as this relative warned the city and the plot was foiled with the death of the king and the conspirators. The city prospered and even started colonies of its own in southern Gaul, and sailors from Massilia are rumored to have even travelled to the western coast of Africa. This feat is attributed to a citizen name Pythias who also wrote a book On the Ocean" in which he details his travels along the British Isles, and it is possible he even went as far as Iceland. In its history, Massilia has come in conflict with the locals, but also Carthage, and proved itself a dominant player in the region. Profiting greatly from exporting Roman goods to Gaul, and slaves and goods to Rome, as well as sharing Rome's enemies, Massilia is a friend to Rome as Rome is to her. Now with conflict on the horizon, she might need to call upon the protection of Rome or perhaps she will find strength within herself and become a truly great player amongst the great powers. |
|||||
Germanic Tribe | |||||
Germanic Tribe [PH] |
|||||
Germanic Tribe Rebel | |||||
The Nervii, bravest of the Belgae | |||||
The Nervii, bravest of the Belgae [PH] |
|||||
Rome, the paragon of civilisation | |||||
Rome, the paragon of civilisation [PH] |
|||||
Rome, the paragon of civilisation Rebel | |||||
Belgic Tribe: Friend of Rome | |||||
Belgic Tribe: Friend of Rome [PH] |
|||||
The Suebi, invaders from Germania | |||||
The Suebi, invaders from Germania [PH] |
|||||
Other | |||||
Other |
|||||
Other Civil War | |||||
Hannibal at the Gates
Celtic | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Celtic [DO NOT LOCALISE] |
|||||
Celtic Rebel | |||||
The Arevaci | |||||
The Arevaci [PLACEHOLDER] |
|||||
Iberian | |||||
Iberian [DO NOT LOCALISE] |
|||||
Iberian Rebel | |||||
Carthage | |||||
Carthage [PLACEHOLDER] |
|||||
Greek | |||||
Greek [DO NOT LOCALISE] |
|||||
Greek Rebel | |||||
Italian | |||||
Italian [DO NOT LOCALISE] |
|||||
Italian Rebel | |||||
Masaesyli | |||||
Masaesyli The Masaesyli are a North African tribe of western Numidia who provide mercenaries to Carthage. They initially sided with Rome during the Second Punic Wars; however, the tribe eventually sided with Carthage in that conflict. |
|||||
Masaesyli Rebel | |||||
The Lusitani | |||||
The Lusitani [PLACEHOLDER] |
|||||
Rome | |||||
Rome [PLACEHOLDER] |
|||||
Syracuse | |||||
Syracuse [PLACEHOLDER] |
|||||
Other | |||||
Other |
|||||
Imperator Augustus
Nomadic Tribes | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nomadic Tribes Placeholder |
|||||
Rome | |||||
Rome Rome will rule the world. It is her destiny and always has been. Claiming a line of descent back to Hercules, Romans are not lacking in pride. Romans are not lacking in fierceness: their city was founded by Romulus and Remus, twins raised by a wolf. Roman armies may have been beaten, but they have always dragged themselves back into any fight, and battled on. And now, surrounded by rivals and potential enemies, Rome faces challenges at every turn. He who rules in Rome can rule the world, but only through the glory of conquest! |
|||||
Rome Civil War | |||||
Eastern Empires | |||||
Eastern Empires Based on the remnants of Babylonian, Assyrian and Median Empires, Achaemenid Persians built up the first true super-state, touching three continents. After the fall of Persia the old traditions were respected by its conquerors, and the old territorial administration system survived for long time. The colourful people of this multi-national empire were tolerant and receptive, nourishing the Hellenisation of the state and the survival of the old ways alike. |
|||||
Eastern Empires Civil War | |||||
Germanic Tribes | |||||
Germanic Tribes The Germanic tribes are fearless warriors, entirely at home in their dark and forbidding forests, worshipping dark, forbidding gods. Their name, in Latin, is a Gallic borrowing, 'ger' and 'mani' meaning near-men or neighbours. They are not given to acting in a neighbourly fashion: they will take from the weak, and value their independence above all. |
|||||
Germanic Tribes Civil War | |||||
African Kingdoms | |||||
African Kingdoms Placeholder |
|||||
Balkan Tribes | |||||
Balkan Tribes The Daco-Thracian tribes were a formidable people known for their warrior culture. Divided into separate tribes, the Thracians did not manage to form a lasting political organization until the Odrysian state was founded in the fifth century BCE. A strong Dacian state appeared in the first century BCE, during the reign of King Burebista. Viewed as bloodthirsty and warlike barbarians by the Greeks and Romans, these cultures were actually highly developed. Although many lived in simple villages, fortified cities such as Sarmizegetusa display the level of development these tribes reached. The Illyrians were known for their raiding proclivities along the Adriatic coast. Living in a harsh, mountainous region, they often turned to the riches of the sea and became formidable pirates that preyed on the merchants of the Mediterranian. It took multiple wars for the Romans to finally subdue the Illyrian pirates for good. |
|||||
Balkan Tribes Civil War | |||||
Gallic Tribes | |||||
Gallic Tribes The Gauls emerged around the 5th century BCE as the bearers of the La Tène culture north of the Alps. These Celts were an influential, vigorous people: their migration has taken them to the shores of the Mediterranean; they have invaded Macedon, Illyria, Thrace and Asia Minor; they have sacked Rome. Gaulish society was dominated by the druid priestly class and each tribe had a council of elders, and initially a king. Later, the executive was an annually-elected magistrate. Although the tribes were moderately stable political entities, Gaul as a whole tended to be politically divided, there being virtually no unity among the various tribes. Only during particularly trying times, such as the invasion of Caesar, could the Gauls unite under a single leader like Vercingetorix. |
|||||
Britannic Tribes | |||||
Britannic Tribes Described by Pytheas as 'Pretannoi' or 'Pretani' - the 'painted ones' - these Celts are a fierce and independent people from the island of Hai Bretannai. They were hard to pacify after a widespread rebellion lead by Boudicca. |
|||||
Britannic Tribes Civil War | |||||
Iberian Tribes | |||||
Iberian Tribes The various Iberian and Celtiberian tribes of Hispania are a valiant and resourceful people. The Iberian culture developed from the 6th century BCE, in the eastern and southern coasts of the Iberian peninsula. The Iberians lived in villages and fortified settlements, and their communities were based on a tribal organization. The Iberians in the Spanish Levant were more urbanized than their neighbors in the central and northwestern regions of the Iberian peninsula. The peoples in the central and northwest regions were mostly Celtic, semi-pastoral, and lived in scattered villages, though they also had a few fortified towns like Numantia.They had a knowledge of writing, metalworking, including bronze, and agricultural techniques. The Celtiberians were the most influential ethnic group in pre-Roman Iberia, but they had their largest impact on history during the Second Punic War, during which they became the allies of Carthage in its conflict with Rome, and crossed the Alps in the mixed forces under Hannibal's command. As a result of the defeat of Carthage, the Celtiberians first submitted to Rome in 195 BCE; however, conflicts between various semi-independent bands of Celtiberians continued for decades. |
|||||
Successor Kingdoms | |||||
Successor Kingdoms After Alexander's death, his mightiest generals tore apart his empire as they fought for it. Over the years the claims and counter-claims of legitimacy deepened the rivalry between the Successors. While all claimed to be Greek and promoted Hellenisation in their kingdoms, each also claimed to be the one true inheritor of Alexander's legacy... |
|||||
Successor Kingdoms Civil War | |||||
Arabian Kingdoms | |||||
Arabian Kingdoms Placeholder |
|||||
Celtic Tribes | |||||
Celtic Tribes Placeholder |
|||||
Other Rebel | |||||
Macedonian Wars
Greek States | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Greek States Most of the Greek states were 'poleis', cities with surrounding villages. The world-renowned culture of the Greeks relies on the toil of farmers, the skills of merchants and soldiers, and the wits of philosophers. |
|||||
Greek States Rebel | |||||
Athenai | |||||
Athenai Most of the Greek states were 'poleis', cities with surrounding villages. The world-renowned culture of the Greeks relies on the toil of farmers, the skills of merchants and soldiers, and the wits of philosophers. |
|||||
Athenai Civil War | |||||
Boiotian League | |||||
Boiotian League Most of the Greek states were 'poleis', cities with surrounding villages. The world-renowned culture of the Greeks relies on the toil of farmers, the skills of merchants and soldiers, and the wits of philosophers. |
|||||
Boiotian League Civil War | |||||
Korinthos | |||||
Korinthos Most of the Greek states were 'poleis', cities with surrounding villages. The world-renowned culture of the Greeks relies on the toil of farmers, the skills of merchants and soldiers, and the wits of philosophers. |
|||||
Korinthos Civil War | |||||
Persian Empire | |||||
Persian Empire Based on the remnants of Babylonian, Assyrian and Median Empires, the Achaemenid Persians built the first true super-state, touching three continents. |
|||||
Persian Empire Rebel | |||||
Barbarian Tribes | |||||
Barbarian Tribes [placeholder] |
|||||
Barbarian Tribes Rebel | |||||
Sparta | |||||
Sparta Most of the Greek states were 'poleis', cities with surrounding villages. The world-renowned culture of the Greeks relies on the toil of farmers, the skills of merchants and soldiers, and the wits of philosophers. |
|||||
Sparta Civil War | |||||
|
|
|